What is a cephalohematoma?

A cephalohematoma is defined as a collection of blood between the periosteum (the membrane covering the bone) and the outer layer of the skull caused by rupture of blood vessels during birth. This type of swelling is localized and does not cross suture lines because it is bound by the periosteum. It typically presents as a raised area on a newborn's head and may take time to resolve as the body gradually reabsorbs the blood.

This understanding is critical in obstetrics and pediatrics, as recognizing a cephalohematoma can help differentiate it from other types of head swelling in neonates, such as caput succedaneum, which occurs due to fluid accumulation and crosses suture lines. The correct identification aids in determining appropriate monitoring and management, as well as providing reassurance to parents regarding the condition’s typical resolution process.