What conditions are classified as functional psychosis?

Functional psychosis refers to a category of mental health disorders where there is a significant disturbance in thought, perception, or behavior that is not secondary to a medical condition or substance abuse. Schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder fall under this classification because they both involve clear breaks from reality, such as delusions or hallucinations, which are core features of psychosis.

In schizophrenia, individuals experience a range of symptoms including disorganized thinking, hallucinations, and impaired functioning, which signify a severe disturbance in mental health. Likewise, schizoaffective disorder combines symptoms of schizophrenia with significant mood disorder features, such as those seen in bipolar disorder or major depressive disorder. These conditions represent primary mental health disorders characterized by psychotic features, rather than reactions to stress or emotional turmoil.

The other options consist of disorders that, while they may have significant symptoms affecting mood or anxiety, do not primarily involve the psychotic features that define functional psychosis. For example, personality disorders, mood disorders without psychotic features, and anxiety disorders primarily affect mood and behavior without typically leading to the kind of reality distortion seen in functional psychosis. Therefore, the classification of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder correctly aligns with the definition of functional psychosis.