MAOIs are primarily used to treat which condition?

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are primarily used to treat depression, particularly when other antidepressant medications have not been effective. They work by inhibiting the monoamine oxidase enzyme, which is responsible for breaking down neurotransmitters such as serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine in the brain. By blocking this enzyme, MAOIs lead to increased levels of these neurotransmitters, which can improve mood and alleviate depressive symptoms.

While MAOIs can have effects on anxiety and may be used in some cases of atypical depression or certain anxiety disorders, their primary and most established use is in the treatment of major depressive disorder. It is important to note that due to dietary restrictions and potential severe interactions with certain medications, MAOIs are not typically first-line treatments in modern psychiatry but are reserved for specific cases where their benefits may outweigh the risks.